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4G/5G Physical Layer Architecture

Telecom Infrastructure: 4G/5G Physical Layer

End-to-end passive physical connectivity for cellular macro sites, rooftops, small cells, and base station shelters — seamlessly bridging tower-top Remote Radio Units (RRUs) to baseband compute and optical transport.

≤ -160 dBc Ultra Low PIM
25G eCPRI Fronthaul Ready
IP68 Seal All-Weather Tower
100% Sweep Factory Tested
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Macro & Small Cell Topology Tower-Top to Shelter Sync
ACTIVE 5G SPEC
ZONE A
Tower-Top / Mast Head Low-PIM RF Jumpers, AISG RET & Breakout Boxes
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ZONE B
Vertical Riser Trunking Armored Hybrid OFC + Shielded -48V DC Runs
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ZONE C
Base Shelter & Aggregation 25G SFP28 Optics, GPS Timing & Grounding Busbars
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Compliance Standards: 3GPP • ITU-T • IEC 60332 • AISG 2.0
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Engineering Scope of Supply & Responsibility Matrix: Semita Technologies manufactures, customizes, and supplies certified passive infrastructure products (RF coaxial jumpers, AISG control cables, armored hybrid OFC, industrial transceivers, DC power feeds, grounding busbars, and tower breakout enclosures). Site civil structural works, steel mast erection, and active RAN commissioning are delivered through certified regional telco partners and network operators.
Physical Architecture Topology

Tower-Top to Base Station Shelter Topology

Every cellular macro, rooftop tower, and small cell site requires a synchronized physical layer bridging active Remote Radio Units (RRUs), multi-band antennas, power rectifiers, and optical transport.

ZONE A — MAST HEAD & ANTENNAS Active Radio & RET Controls

Antenna Arrays & Remote Radio Units (RRU)

At the mast head, multi-band 4G/5G antennas and RRUs operate under severe thermal extremes, vibration, and UV exposure. High-purity RF transmission demands zero intermodulation distortion.

1/2" Superflexible Low-PIM RF Jumpers Factory-terminated 4.3-10 Male/Female and 7/16 DIN connectors. 3rd-order PIM ≤ -160 dBc @ 2x20W with 100% dynamic test verification.
AISG 2.0 / 3.0 RET Control Cables IP67 waterproof 8-pin DIN connectors with gold-plated contacts for reliable Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) motorized angle adjustments.
IP68 Weatherproof Breakout & Junction Enclosures Tower-top fiber distribution boxes splitting hybrid trunk cables into individual FullAXS / ODVA ruggedized radio tails.
AISG RET Control Cable
AISG 2.0 RET Cable IP67 Motorized Tilt Control
1/2 inch Low-PIM RF Jumper
1/2" Superflex Jumper PIM ≤ -160 dBc @ 4.3-10
Multi-Fiber RRU Trunk Assembly
Multi-Fiber FTTA Trunk Armored Breakout Assembly
Hybrid Fiber and DC Power Cable
Hybrid Fiber + DC Power Single-Pull Vertical Run
ZONE B — VERTICAL TRUNK RUNS Fronthaul Optical & Power Feeds

Hybrid Trunking & Shielded DC Feeds

Connecting base station shelters to tower-top radio units over 30m to 100m+ elevations requires mechanical resilience against cable weight, wind load, and harsh weather.

Armored Multi-Core Hybrid Cables Combines ITU-T G.657.A2 bend-insensitive optical fibers with multi-conductor copper DC power in a single corrugated steel armored sheath.
Shielded -48V DC Power Feeds Tinned copper wire braided shielding eliminating EMI interference from radio frequency feeds. Class 5 fine stranding for flexible mast routing.
Stainless Steel Cable Feeder Clamps & Hoisting Grips Corrosion-resistant AISI 304/316 ladder clamps preventing cable sag and creep over multi-year deployments.
ZONE C — BASE STATION SHELTER BBU, Timing & Optical Routing

Baseband Processing, Timing & Grounding

Inside the equipment room or outdoor cabinet, high-speed optical transceivers, fiber distribution frames, GPS timing antennas, and lightning bonding ensure uninterrupted baseband operation.

Industrial 10G CPRI & 25G eCPRI SFP28 Transceivers Hardened optics rated for -40°C to +85°C operating temperatures. 1310nm/CWDM/BiDi wavelengths delivering zero-packet-loss fronthaul.
Active GPS / GLONASS Timing Antennas High-gain (28–38 dB) active timing receivers with built-in surge arrestors providing nanosecond clock sync for 5G TDD frame alignment.
Master Grounding Busbars (MGB) & Surge Protection Heavy-gauge electro-tin plated copper busbars providing unified low-impedance dissipation for lightning surges and static discharge.
25G eCPRI SFP28 Optical Transceiver
25G eCPRI SFP28 -40°C to +85°C Industrial
GPS Timing Antenna
Active GPS Timing 5G TDD Frame Clock Sync
Deployment Blueprints

Standardized 4G/5G Deployment Scenarios

Tested physical architectures tailored to cellular operators, tower companies (TowerCos), neutral hosts, and private 5G enterprise networks.

5G Macro Site Fiber Jumper
BLUEPRINT 01 Macro Cell

5G Massive MIMO Macro Sites

High-density eCPRI fronthaul with 25G SFP28 optics, multi-core fiber breakout, low-PIM 4.3-10 jumpers, and high-amperage shielded DC power feeds.

  • ✔ 25G eCPRI Multi-Fiber Trunking
  • ✔ 4.3-10 Low-PIM Jumpers (≤ -160 dBc)
  • ✔ Class 5 Shielded -48V DC Cables
In-Building DAS Antennas
BLUEPRINT 02 Campus / Indoor

In-Building Solutions (IBS & DAS)

Multi-band cavity splitters, directional & omni ceiling antennas, and plenum-rated low-loss coaxial cabling for airports, stadiums, and high-rise commercial hubs.

  • ✔ 698–4000 MHz Wideband Splitters
  • ✔ Ultra-Slim Ceiling & Panel Antennas
  • ✔ Low-Loss 50Ω Coaxial Feeders
RF Multi-Band Splitter
BLUEPRINT 03 Urban Street

Rooftops & Urban Small Cells

Compact footprint, low visual impact, pre-connectorized FTTA drop cables, stealth antennas, and integrated surge protection for street-level deployments.

  • ✔ Pre-Terminated Compact FTTA Drops
  • ✔ IP68 Compact Street Junction Boxes
  • ✔ Direct Pole-Mount Feeder Clamps
Optical Distribution Frame FMS
BLUEPRINT 04 Hub & Aggregation

C-RAN & Open-RAN BBU Pools

High-density fiber aggregation, centralized BBU pool connectivity, CWDM/DWDM passive multiplexing, and redundant power distribution.

  • ✔ 144F/288F High-Density ODF Patching
  • ✔ CWDM / DWDM Passive Mux/Demux
  • ✔ Dual-Feed Rack Power Panels
Engineering Benchmarks

Quality Standards & Testing Criteria

100% factory sweep tested and certified for carrier-grade durability and high-frequency RF transmission integrity.

Parameter / Parameter Area Engineering Specification Benchmark Applicable International Standards
Passive Intermodulation (PIM) ≤ -160 dBc @ 2x20W (4.3-10) / ≤ -155 dBc (7/16 DIN) Dynamic Test IEC 62037-1/2/3
Return Loss & VSWR VSWR ≤ 1.12 (698–2700 MHz) / VSWR ≤ 1.15 (2700–3800 MHz) IEC 61169-54 / MIL-STD-202
Optical Insertion & Return Loss Insertion Loss ≤ 0.20 dB (Typ. 0.12 dB) | Return Loss ≥ 55 dB (UPC) / ≥ 65 dB (APC) ITU-T G.652.D / G.657.A2 • IEC 61753
Environmental & Water Ingress IP68 Weatherproof Sealed (Mated Condition) | Salt Mist ASTM B117 (720 hrs) IEC 60529 • ASTM B117
Flame Retardance & Halogen-Free Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) / Fire Retardant UV-resistant outer jackets IEC 60332-1 • IEC 60754-1/2 • IEC 61034-2
Operating Temperature Range -40°C to +85°C Industrial Extended Range (Optics, Jumpers, DC Cables) Telcordia GR-326-CORE / GR-468
Connected Portfolios

Explore Supporting Product Families

View All 6 Product Families →
RF & Antennas
RF, Antennas & DAS/IBS

1/2" superflex jumpers, AISG 2.0 cables, low-PIM cavity splitters, and GPS timing antennas.

View RF Family →
Power Connectivity
Power Connectivity

RRU/BBU DC power assemblies, shielded -48V feeds, and low-impedance grounding busbars.

View Power Family →
Optical Fiber & FTTx
Optical Fiber & FTTx

Hybrid fiber/copper trunk cables, armored aerial/burial cables, and rugged FTTA breakout tails.

View Fiber Family →
Optical Transceivers
Optical Transceivers

Industrial (-40°C to +85°C) 10G/25G SFP28 and CWDM/BiDi modules for 5G fronthaul links.

View Optics Family →
Direct B2B Supply & Engineering Support

Discuss Your Cellular Site Infrastructure Requirements

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